The present CoVid-19 disaster is revealing the strengths and the weaknesses of the world’s capability to answer a world well being disaster. A important weak spot has resulted from the extreme centralization of the present biomanufacturing capacities, a matter of nice concern, if not a supply of nationalistic tensions. On the optimistic facet, scientific knowledge and data have been shared at an unprecedented pace fuelled by the preprint phenomena, and this has significantly strengthened our capability to develop new technology-based options.
In this work, we discover how, in a context of fast change of scientific info, plant biofactories can function a fast and simply adaptable answer for native manufacturing of bioreagents, extra particularly recombinant antibodies. For this objective, we examined our capability to provide, in the framework of an educational lab and in a matter of weeks, milligram quantities of six totally different recombinant monoclonal antibodies in opposition to SARS-CoV-2 in Nicotiana benthamiana.
For the design of the antibodies, we took benefit, amongst different knowledge sources, of the DNA sequence info made quickly available by different teams in preprint publications. mAbs have been engineered as single-chain fragments fused to a human gamma Fc and transiently expressed utilizing a viral vector. In parallel, we additionally produced the recombinant SARS-CoV-2 N protein and the receptor binding area (RBD) of the Spike protein in planta and used them to check the binding specificity of the recombinant mAbs. Finally, for two of the antibodies, we assayed a easy scale-up manufacturing protocol based mostly on the extraction of apoplastic fluid.
An environmentally-benign flow-batch system for headspace single-drop microextraction and on-drop conductometric detecting ammonium
This work presents a lab-made automated flow-batch system for headspace single-drop microextraction and on-drop conductometric sensing ammonium. Sample and NaOH answer are concurrently pumped right into a response chamber (RC), the place ammonium is transformed to ammonia by elevating pH. The transformed ammonia then diffuses into the headspace of the RC, and reacts with a 100 mM boric acid drop. The conductivity of the drop is measured by an on-drop conductivity probe, which is made by two stainless-steel contacting electrodes.
The end result exhibits that the growing charge of conductivity has a linear relationship to the ammonium focus in pattern (R2 = 0.9945). This methodology has a linear vary as much as 400 μM, a restrict of detection 2.eight μM, a relative normal deviation of 3.0% (200 μM, n = 10) and carryover coefficient 0.028. Measurements of river waters, lake waters and wastewaters have been demonstrated. The recoveries have achieved from 99.Zero to 114%. This methodology avoids utilizing of dangerous or odorous reagents and follows the idea of inexperienced chemistry.
The worldwide COVID-19 pandemic outburst has triggered a severe public well being problem with growing wants of correct and fast diagnostic and screening testing. This scenario requires an optimized administration of the chemical reagents, the consumables, and the human assets, in order to reply precisely and successfully, controlling the unfold of the illness. Testing on pooled samples maximizes the quantity of examined samples, by minimizing the time and the lab provides wanted. The normal conceptualization of the pooling methodology is predicated on mixing samples collectively in a batch.
Individual testing is required provided that a particular pool displays a optimistic end result. The growth of various hybrid strategies, based mostly on “in home” protocols, using commercially available consumables, in mixture with a dependable pooling methodology would supply an answer, specializing in the higher exploitation of the personnel and the lab provides, permitting for fast screening of a inhabitants in a fairly brief time.
Development of novel lab-on-a-chip platform for high-throughput radioimmunoassay
Radioimmunoassay (RIA) is an especially particular and a extremely delicate sort of immunoassay, however the lengthy incubation time and technology of radioactive wastes restrict the use of RIA. To complement these disadvantages of RIA, we advise a sophisticated sort of RIA based mostly on a lab-on-a-chip (LOC) platform: μ-RIA. We designed a microfluidic chip for RIA and optimized the procedures of μ-RIA evaluation, together with floor modification, immunoreaction time, and washing. Based on the optimized situations, we performed a radioimmunoassay on the μ-RIA platform utilizing a business RIA package.
With the μ-RIA, 5 min are sufficient for evaluation. The quantity of reagent consumption is considerably diminished in contrast with standard RIA. The normal curve with R2 = 0.9951 exhibits that we are able to quantitatively consider the quantity of antigen current in unknown samples. We present the applicability of μ-RIA for the evaluation of biomolecules and the potential of μ-RIA to be a novel platform for high-throughput evaluation.
 INSECTAGRO SF9, SERUM FREE |
|
13-410-CV |
CORNING |
500 mL/pk |
EUR 124 |
|
Description: Specialty Media; Insect Media Products |
 Myoglobin-Free Serum Protein |
|
abx069893-50ml |
Abbexa |
50 ml |
EUR 1121 |
|
|
) Human Serum (CRP free) |
|
90R-100 |
Fitzgerald |
100 ml |
EUR 1105 |
|
Description: C-reactive protein free normal human serum |
) Human Serum (FABP free) |
|
90R-109 |
Fitzgerald |
100 ml |
EUR 1105 |
|
Description: FABP free normal human serum |
) Human Serum (Myoglobin Free) |
|
90R-110 |
Fitzgerald |
100 ml |
EUR 1105 |
|
Description: Myoglobin free normal human serum |
 VitroPlus III, Serum-Free, Xeno-Free, Complete |
|
PC00B2 |
Neuromics |
500 ml |
EUR 375 |
 EZ-DNA Reagents |
|
SK8201 |
Bio Basic |
100preps |
EUR 93.5 |
|
|
EZ-DNA Reagents |
|
BS8202 |
Bio Basic |
100preps |
EUR 88.06 |
|
|
 ELISA Kit) Human Free PSA (f-PSA) ELISA Kit |
|
PRB-5049-FREE-5 |
Cell Biolabs |
5 x 96 assays |
EUR 2283 |
 PK15 Cell Serum-Free Medium |
|
VCum-Lsx0007 |
Creative Biolabs |
1 L |
EUR 758 |
|
Description: PK15 cell serum-free medium has been specifically developed for suspension culture of PK-15 cells. |
 CHO Cell Serum-Free Medium |
|
VCum-Lsx0025 |
Creative Biolabs |
1L |
EUR 635 |
|
Description: A serum-free medium that is ideal for suspension culture of CHO cell lines (CHO DG44, CHO-K1 and CHO-S). |
 HEK Cell Serum-Free Medium |
|
VCum-Lsx0027 |
Creative Biolabs |
1L |
EUR 635 |
|
Description: A serum-free medium that is ideal for suspension culture of HEK cell lines. |
 MDBK Cell Serum-Free Medium |
|
VCum-Lsx0029 |
Creative Biolabs |
1L |
EUR 682 |
|
Description: Used in serum-free suspension MDBK cell line culture for bovine virus diarrhea or bovine rhinotracheitis vaccine production. |
 Vero Cell Serum-Free Medium |
|
VCum-Lsx0031 |
Creative Biolabs |
1 L |
EUR 758 |
|
Description: A serum-free medium that is ideal for suspension culture of Vero cell lines. |
 Serum Albumin, Lipid Free Protein |
|
20-abx260049 |
Abbexa |
-
EUR 773.00
-
EUR 286.00
-
EUR 523.00
|
|
|
|
) Human Serum (Troponin I Free) |
|
90R-106 |
Fitzgerald |
100 ml |
EUR 1181 |
|
Description: Troponion I free normal human serum |
 Fetal Bovine Serum, Premium Tetracyclin Free |
|
F0500-050 |
GenDepot |
500ml |
EUR 1157 |
 ST Cell Serum-Free Medium-1 |
|
VCum-Lsx0001 |
Creative Biolabs |
1 L |
EUR 740 |
|
Description: ST cell serum-free medium has been specifically developed for suspension culture of ST cells. |
 ST Cell Serum-Free Medium-2 |
|
VCum-Lsx0003 |
Creative Biolabs |
1 L |
EUR 758 |
|
Description: ST cell serum-free medium has been specifically developed for suspension culture of ST cells. |
) PK15 Cell Serum-Free Medium (Powder) |
|
VCum-Lsx0008-10L |
Creative Biolabs |
10 L |
EUR 2332 |
|
Description: PK15 cell serum-free medium has been specifically developed for suspension culture of PK-15 cells. |
PK15 Cell Serum-Free Medium (Powder) |
|
VCum-Lsx0008-1L |
Creative Biolabs |
1 L |
EUR 278 |
|
Description: PK15 cell serum-free medium has been specifically developed for suspension culture of PK-15 cells. |
PK15 Cell Serum-Free Medium (Powder) |
|
VCum-Lsx0008-5L |
Creative Biolabs |
5 L |
EUR 1191 |
|
Description: PK15 cell serum-free medium has been specifically developed for suspension culture of PK-15 cells. |
 MDCK Cell Serum-Free Medium-1 |
|
VCum-Lsx0009 |
Creative Biolabs |
1 L |
EUR 682 |
|
Description: MDCK cell serum-free medium has been specifically developed for suspension culture of MDCK cells. |
 MDCK Cell Serum-Free Medium-2 |
|
VCum-Lsx0011 |
Creative Biolabs |
1 L |
EUR 694 |
|
Description: Used in serum-free suspension MDCK cell line culture for avian influenza vaccine production. |
 BHK Cell Serum-Free Medium-1 |
|
VCum-Lsx0017 |
Creative Biolabs |
1 L |
EUR 647 |
|
Description: BHK cell serum-free medium has been specifically developed for suspension culture of BHK cells. |
 BHK Cell Serum-Free Medium-2 |
|
VCum-Lsx0019 |
Creative Biolabs |
1 L |
EUR 717 |
|
Description: Used in serum-free suspension BHK cell line culture for newcastle disease virus production. |
 Insect Cell Serum-Free Medium-1 |
|
VCum-Lsx0021 |
Creative Biolabs |
1 L |
EUR 740 |
|
Description: A serum-free medium that is ideal for suspension culture of insect cell lines (HighFive, SF9). |
 Insect Cell Serum-Free Medium-2 |
|
VCum-Lsx0023 |
Creative Biolabs |
1 L |
EUR 758 |
|
Description: A serum-free medium that is ideal for suspension culture of insect cell lines (HighFive, SF9). |
) CHO Cell Serum-Free Medium (Powder) |
|
VCum-Lsx0026-10L |
Creative Biolabs |
10 L |
EUR 1747 |
|
Description: A serum-free medium that is ideal for suspension culture of CHO cell lines (CHO DG44, CHO-K1 and CHO-S). |
CHO Cell Serum-Free Medium (Powder) |
|
VCum-Lsx0026-1L |
Creative Biolabs |
1 L |
EUR 220 |
|
Description: A serum-free medium that is ideal for suspension culture of CHO cell lines (CHO DG44, CHO-K1 and CHO-S). |
CHO Cell Serum-Free Medium (Powder) |
|
VCum-Lsx0026-5L |
Creative Biolabs |
5 L |
EUR 898 |
|
Description: A serum-free medium that is ideal for suspension culture of CHO cell lines (CHO DG44, CHO-K1 and CHO-S). |
) HEK Cell Serum-Free Medium (Powder) |
|
VCum-Lsx0028 |
Creative Biolabs |
50 L |
EUR 6411 |
|
Description: A serum-free medium that is ideal for suspension culture of HEK cell lines. |
) MDBK Cell Serum-Free Medium (Powder) |
|
VCum-Lsx0030 |
Creative Biolabs |
50 L |
EUR 8591 |
|
Description: Used in serum-free suspension MDBK cell line culture for bovine virus diarrhea or bovine rhinotracheitis vaccine production. |
) Vero Cell Serum-Free Medium (Powder) |
|
VCum-Lsx0032-10L |
Creative Biolabs |
10 L |
EUR 2332 |
|
Description: A serum-free medium that is ideal for suspension culture of Vero cell lines. |
Vero Cell Serum-Free Medium (Powder) |
|
VCum-Lsx0032-1L |
Creative Biolabs |
1 L |
EUR 282 |
|
Description: A serum-free medium that is ideal for suspension culture of Vero cell lines. |
Vero Cell Serum-Free Medium (Powder) |
|
VCum-Lsx0032-5L |
Creative Biolabs |
5 L |
EUR 1208 |
|
Description: A serum-free medium that is ideal for suspension culture of Vero cell lines. |
) B-27 Serum-Free Supplement (50x) |
|
abx082466-10ml |
Abbexa |
10 ml |
EUR 328 |
|
|
 CORNING® LYMPHOCYTE SERUM FREE MEDIUM |
|
88-551-CM |
CORNING |
1/pk |
EUR 149 |
|
Description: Specialty Media; Kohjin Products |
CORNING® LYMPHOCYTE SERUM FREE MEDIUM |
|
88-581-CM |
CORNING |
1/pk |
EUR 189 |
|
Description: Specialty Media; Kohjin Products |
) Normal Bovine Serum (Protease/IgG free) |
|
88R-1012 |
Fitzgerald |
10 ml |
EUR 182 |
|
Description: Normal Bovine Serum which has been lipid extracted and dialyzed against 10 mM Sodium Phosphate, 0.15 M Sodium Chloride, pH 7.2 |
) Purified rat serum albumin protein (RSA, >99%, globulin free) |
|
ALBR13-N-10 |
Alpha Diagnostics |
10 mg |
EUR 286 |
 Set of 10 Biolipidure Reagents |
|
Biolipidure-set |
Biolipidure |
10mLx10 |
EUR 1517 |
|
|
|
Description: Set of 10 Biolipidure Reagents, whose applications include Immunoassays, Western blots, Immunohistochemistry, Turbidimetric assays, Immunochromatography, and Bead based assays. Benefits include: No lot to lot variation, No animal derived materials, Non-specific adsorption suppression, Stabilization of immobilized antibody, Stabilization of enzyme-antibody conjugate, Enzyme-substrate reaction enhancement and aggregation reaction enhancement |
) ST Cell Serum-Free Medium-1 (Powder) |
|
VCum-Lsx0002-10L |
Creative Biolabs |
10 L |
EUR 2215 |
|
Description: ST cell serum-free medium has been specifically developed for suspension culture of ST cells. |
ST Cell Serum-Free Medium-1 (Powder) |
|
VCum-Lsx0002-1L |
Creative Biolabs |
1 L |
EUR 266 |
|
Description: ST cell serum-free medium has been specifically developed for suspension culture of ST cells. |
ST Cell Serum-Free Medium-1 (Powder) |
|
VCum-Lsx0002-5L |
Creative Biolabs |
5 L |
EUR 1132 |
|
Description: ST cell serum-free medium has been specifically developed for suspension culture of ST cells. |
) ST Cell Serum-Free Medium-2 (Powder) |
|
VCum-Lsx0004-10L |
Creative Biolabs |
10 L |
EUR 2332 |
|
Description: ST cell serum-free medium has been specifically developed for suspension culture of ST cells. |
ST Cell Serum-Free Medium-2 (Powder) |
|
VCum-Lsx0004-1L |
Creative Biolabs |
1 L |
EUR 278 |
|
Description: ST cell serum-free medium has been specifically developed for suspension culture of ST cells. |
ST Cell Serum-Free Medium-2 (Powder) |
|
VCum-Lsx0004-5L |
Creative Biolabs |
5 L |
EUR 1191 |
|
Description: ST cell serum-free medium has been specifically developed for suspension culture of ST cells. |
) MDCK Cell Serum-Free Medium-1 (Powder) |
|
VCum-Lsx0010-10L |
Creative Biolabs |
10 L |
EUR 1864 |
|
Description: MDCK cell serum-free medium has been specifically developed for suspension culture of MDCK cells. |
MDCK Cell Serum-Free Medium-1 (Powder) |
|
VCum-Lsx0010-1L |
Creative Biolabs |
1 L |
EUR 231 |
|
Description: MDCK cell serum-free medium has been specifically developed for suspension culture of MDCK cells. |
MDCK Cell Serum-Free Medium-1 (Powder) |
|
VCum-Lsx0010-5L |
Creative Biolabs |
5 L |
EUR 957 |
|
Description: MDCK cell serum-free medium has been specifically developed for suspension culture of MDCK cells. |
) MDCK Cell Serum-Free Medium-2 (Powder) |
|
VCum-Lsx0012-10L |
Creative Biolabs |
10 L |
EUR 1922 |
|
Description: Used in serum-free suspension MDCK cell line culture for avian influenza vaccine production. |
MDCK Cell Serum-Free Medium-2 (Powder) |
|
VCum-Lsx0012-1L |
Creative Biolabs |
1 L |
EUR 237 |
|
Description: Used in serum-free suspension MDCK cell line culture for avian influenza vaccine production. |
MDCK Cell Serum-Free Medium-2 (Powder) |
|
VCum-Lsx0012-5L |
Creative Biolabs |
5 L |
EUR 986 |
|
Description: Used in serum-free suspension MDCK cell line culture for avian influenza vaccine production. |
) BHK Cell Serum-Free Medium-1 (Powder) |
|
VCum-Lsx0018-10L |
Creative Biolabs |
10 L |
EUR 1688 |
|
Description: BHK cellserum-free medium has been specifically developed for suspension culture of BHK cells. |
BHK Cell Serum-Free Medium-1 (Powder) |
|
VCum-Lsx0018-1L |
Creative Biolabs |
1 L |
EUR 214 |
|
Description: BHK cellserum-free medium has been specifically developed for suspension culture of BHK cells. |
BHK Cell Serum-Free Medium-1 (Powder) |
|
VCum-Lsx0018-5L |
Creative Biolabs |
5 L |
EUR 869 |
|
Description: BHK cellserum-free medium has been specifically developed for suspension culture of BHK cells. |
) BHK Cell Serum-Free Medium-2 (Powder) |
|
VCum-Lsx0020-10L |
Creative Biolabs |
10 L |
EUR 1922 |
|
Description: Used in serum-free suspension BHK cell line culture for newcastle disease virus production. |
BHK Cell Serum-Free Medium-2 (Powder) |
|
VCum-Lsx0020-1L |
Creative Biolabs |
1 L |
EUR 237 |
|
Description: Used in serum-free suspension BHK cell line culture for newcastle disease virus production. |
BHK Cell Serum-Free Medium-2 (Powder) |
|
VCum-Lsx0020-5L |
Creative Biolabs |
5 L |
EUR 986 |
|
Description: Used in serum-free suspension BHK cell line culture for newcastle disease virus production. |
) Insect Cell Serum-Free Medium-1 (Powder) |
|
VCum-Lsx0022-10L |
Creative Biolabs |
10 L |
EUR 2215 |
|
Description: A serum-free medium that is ideal for suspension culture of insect cell lines (HighFive, SF9). |
Insect Cell Serum-Free Medium-1 (Powder) |
|
VCum-Lsx0022-1L |
Creative Biolabs |
1 L |
EUR 266 |
|
Description: A serum-free medium that is ideal for suspension culture of insect cell lines (HighFive, SF9). |
Insect Cell Serum-Free Medium-1 (Powder) |
|
VCum-Lsx0022-5L |
Creative Biolabs |
5 L |
EUR 1132 |
|
Description: A serum-free medium that is ideal for suspension culture of insect cell lines (HighFive, SF9). |
) Insect Cell Serum-Free Medium-2 (Powder) |
|
VCum-Lsx0024-10L |
Creative Biolabs |
10 L |
EUR 2332 |
|
Description: A serum-free medium that is ideal for suspension culture of insect cell lines (HighFive, SF9). |
Insect Cell Serum-Free Medium-2 (Powder) |
|
VCum-Lsx0024-1L |
Creative Biolabs |
1 L |
EUR 278 |
|
Description: A serum-free medium that is ideal for suspension culture of insect cell lines (HighFive, SF9). |
Insect Cell Serum-Free Medium-2 (Powder) |
|
VCum-Lsx0024-5L |
Creative Biolabs |
5 L |
EUR 1191 |
|
Description: A serum-free medium that is ideal for suspension culture of insect cell lines (HighFive, SF9). |
 Human Apolipoprotein AI / B Free Serum Protein |
|
abx060869-100ml |
Abbexa |
100 ml |
EUR 495 |
|
|
) Custom production of antibodies in 5 Rats using customer supplied antigen (std 63 days protocol) |
|
RAT-5 |
Alpha Diagnostics |
1 |
EUR 1138 |
 - for Serum or Plasma) Exo-Flow 2.0 Basic Kit without antibody (Streptavidin beads + reagents) - for Serum or Plasma |
|
EXOFLOW2-BASICA-SP |
SBI |
30 rxn |
EUR 1001 |
|
|
 Protein Assay Plus Reagents) Bradford(Coomassie) Protein Assay Plus Reagents |
|
P7201-050 |
GenDepot |
450ml |
EUR 188 |
 HSA Human Serum Albumin Recombinant Protein, Lipid Free |
|
PROTP02768-3 |
BosterBio |
Regular: 50mg |
EUR 471 |
|
Description: HSA Human Recombinant lipid reduced produced in Plant is a non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 585 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 67 kDa. |
 Insect Cell Medium: Serum-Free Insect Culture Medium |
|
ABP-MED-10002 |
Allele Biotech |
1 liter |
Ask for price |
|
|
 protein (>99%, Protease-free)) Bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein (>99%, Protease-free) |
|
BSA16-N-100 |
Alpha Diagnostics |
100 mg |
EUR 286 |
 Rat Serum |
|
abx098267-10ml |
Abbexa |
10 ml |
EUR 272 |
|
|
) Rabbit control serum (non-immunized, Disease free, SPF Rabbits) |
|
NSPF-1 |
Alpha Diagnostics |
1 ml |
EUR 286 |
Rabbit control serum (non-immunized, Disease free, SPF Rabbits) |
|
NSPF-10 |
Alpha Diagnostics |
10 ml |
EUR 651 |
Rabbit control serum (non-immunized, Disease free, SPF Rabbits) |
|
NSPF-5 |
Alpha Diagnostics |
5 ml |
EUR 529 |
, Xeno-Free) Human Male AB Serum (Converted from Plasma), Xeno-Free |
|
AR1005-0100 |
Akron Biotech |
100mL |
Ask for price |
 Bovine Serum Albumin ? Heat Shock, Protease Free, pH 7.0 |
|
7919-100 |
Biovision |
|
EUR 653 |
Bovine Serum Albumin ? Heat Shock, Protease Free, pH 7.0 |
|
7919-25 |
Biovision |
|
EUR 245 |
Bovine Serum Albumin ? Heat Shock, Protease Free, pH 7.0 |
|
7919-5 |
Biovision |
|
EUR 120 |
 500 ML INSECTAGRO® DS2 SERUM-FREE/PROTEIN-FREE MEDIUM, 1X WITHOUT L-GLUTAMINE |
|
13-402-CV |
CORNING |
500 mL/pk |
EUR 153 |
|
Description: Specialty Media; Insect Media Products |
) Purified rat serum albumin protein (RSA, >99%, fatty acid and globulin free) |
|
ALBR14-N-10 |
Alpha Diagnostics |
10 mg |
EUR 347 |
) Human IgG (serum origin, purified >97%, low endotoxin, azide free) |
|
20007-1-LE-1 |
Alpha Diagnostics |
1 mg |
EUR 164 |
 Bovine Serum Albumin ? Heat Shock, Protease DNASE Free, pH 7.0 |
|
7920-100 |
Biovision |
|
EUR 914 |
Bovine Serum Albumin ? Heat Shock, Protease DNASE Free, pH 7.0 |
|
7920-1000 |
Biovision |
|
Ask for price |
Bovine Serum Albumin ? Heat Shock, Protease DNASE Free, pH 7.0 |
|
7920-25 |
Biovision |
|
EUR 370 |
Bovine Serum Albumin ? Heat Shock, Protease DNASE Free, pH 7.0 |
|
7920-5 |
Biovision |
|
EUR 153 |
 Bovine Serum Albumin ? Heat Shock, Fatty Acid Free, pH 7.0 |
|
7921-100 |
Biovision |
|
EUR 1132 |
Bovine Serum Albumin ? Heat Shock, Fatty Acid Free, pH 7.0 |
|
7921-25 |
Biovision |
|
EUR 446 |
Bovine Serum Albumin ? Heat Shock, Fatty Acid Free, pH 7.0 |
|
7921-5 |
Biovision |
|
EUR 175 |
 Hemopexin, Rat Serum |
|
7545-100 |
Biovision |
|
EUR 283 |
 Rat Serum Albumin |
|
30R-3297 |
Fitzgerald |
10 mg |
EUR 187 |
|
Description: Purified native Rat Serum Albumin |
New platforms are enabling radiochemistry to be carried out in tiny, microliter-scale volumes, and this functionality has monumental advantages for the manufacturing of radiopharmaceuticals. These droplet-based applied sciences can obtain comparable or higher yields in comparison with standard strategies, however with vastly diminished reagent consumption, shorter synthesis time, larger molar exercise (even for low exercise batches), quicker purification, and ultra-compact system dimension. We evaluate right here the state of the artwork of this rising route, summarize the radiotracers and prosthetic teams which were synthesized in droplet format, describe latest achievements in scaling up exercise ranges, and talk about benefits and limitations and the long run outlook of these modern gadgets.
